A Diagnostic TANK Model for the Housing Market

Abstract

The U.S. housing market exhibits an unusually high degree of volatility, which challenges traditional models that rely on large preference shocks to explain such fluctuations. In this paper, I argue that the expectation channel plays a key role in driving this volatility. I incorporate Diagnostic Expectations (DE) within a Two-Agent New Keynesian (TANK) model featuring housing and banking sectors. Using Sequential Monte Carlo methods to estimate the model, I find that DE reduce the size of the housing preference shock by more than one-third relative to Rational Expectations, while reproducing the housing market fluctuations. This result holds whether agents’ imperfect memory is based on recent or three-year past experiences. When the expectations channel is removed -i.e., when agents are rational- the model fails to generate the high volatility in house prices observed in the data. These findings highlight the importance of the expectation formation process in explaining a substantial part of unmodeled disturbances affecting the housing market and in shaping policy responses.